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The Sanjak of Zor () was a sanjak of the Ottoman Empire, which was created in 1857. Some of its area was separated from the Baghdad Vilayet. Zor was sometimes mentioned as being part of the Aleppo Vilayet, Studies on Ottoman Social and Political History: Selected Articles and Essays, p. 647. Kemal H. Karpat, BRILL, 2002
″The Vilayet of Halap (Aleppo) comprised Maraş, Urfa and Zor. In 1899, a fourth sanjak, that of Antioch was formed ...″
or of the Syria Vilayet. Geographical Dictionary of the World in the early 20th Century. Logos Press, New Delhi, 1906.
The capital was Deir ez-Zor, a town on the right (i.e., south) bank of the Euphrates, which was also the only considerable town of the sanjak. At the beginning of the 20th century, the sanjak had an area of , Asia by A. H. Keane, page 460 and an estimated population of 100,000, mostly Arab people nomads. The capital itself was just a village before becoming the centre of the sanjak.
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, Ottoman forces withdrew from the area leaving a no man's land. The region was subsequently occupied by Iraqi nationalists representing the Arab Kingdom of Syria in Damascus, and after the Paulet–Newcombe Agreement in 1923, it became part of the French Mandate for Syria.
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